
The Enzyme That Eats Plastic for Breakfast: How a Single Mutation Just Accelerated the End of Pollution
The pile of plastic bottles sits in a stainless‑steel vat at the University of Texas at Austin. They are ordinary soda bottles—clear PET, the most common plastic on Earth. A few hours ago, they were intact. Now they are a murky brown slurry, dissolving into their chemical building blocks at a rate that would have seemed like magic a decade ago. The agent of this transformation is a protein engineered by human hands, a variant of an enzyme first discovered in a Japanese recycling plant in 2016. That original enzyme, called PETase, could break down a thin film of PET over the course of several weeks. The new one, dubbed FAST‑PETase (Functional, Active, Stable, and Tolerant PETase), works a thousand times faster. In the vat, it is digesting a kilogram of plastic bottle flakes every ninety minutes.







